Monday, March 16, 2009
How does Internet differ from Web?
The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in every-day speech without much distinction. However, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not one and the same. The Internet is a global data communications system. It is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides connectivity between computers. In contrast, the Web is one of the services communicated via the Internet. It is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs.
What is World Wide Web?
The World Wide Web (commonly abbreviated as "the Web") is a very large set of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a Web browser, one can view Web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them using hyperlinks. Using concepts from earlier hypertext systems, the World Wide Web was begun in 1992 by the English physicist Sir Tim Berners-Lee, now the Director of the World Wide Web Consortium, and Robert Cailliau, a Belgian computer scientist, while both were working at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1990, they proposed building a "web of nodes" storing "hypertext pages" viewed by "browsers" on a network,[1] and released that web in 1992. Connected by the existing Internet, other websites were created, around the world, adding international standards for domain names & the HTML language. Since then, Berners-Lee has played an active role in guiding the development of Web standards (such as the markup languages in which Web pages are composed), and in recent years has advocated his vision of a Semantic Web. Cailliau went on early retirement in January 2005 and left CERN in January 2007.
The World Wide Web enabled the spread of information over the Internet through an easy-to-use and flexible format. It thus played an important role in popularising use of the Internet.[2] Although the two terms are sometimes conflated in popular use, World Wide Web is not synonymous with Internet.[3] The Internet consists of a worldwide collection of computers and sub-networks exchanging data using wires, cables and radio links, whereas the World Wide Web is a huge set of documents, images and other 'resources' linked by an abstract 'web' of hypertext links and URLs.
What is Internet?
internet = Any set of computer networks that communicate using the Internet Protocol (http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/internet).
Internet = The global network of interconnected computers (http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Internet).
The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers, enabling users to share information along multiple channels. Typically, a computer that connects to the Internet can access information from a vast array of available servers and other computers by moving information from them to the computer's local memory. The same connection allows that computer to send information to servers on the network; that information is in turn accessed and potentially modified by a variety of other interconnected computers. A majority of widely accessible information on the Internet consists of inter-linked hypertext documents and other resources of the World Wide Web (WWW). Computer users typically manage sent and received information with web browsers; other software for users' interface with computer networks includes specialized programs for electronic mail, online chat, file transfer and file sharing.
The movement of information in the Internet is achieved via a system of interconnected computer networks that share data by packet switching using the standardized Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and other technologies.
What is EDI?
Electronic Data Interchange: the computer-to-computer exchange of structured information, by agreed message standards, from one computer application to another by electronic means and with a minimum of human intervention. (http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/EDI)
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) refers to the structured transmission of data between organizations by electronic means. It is used to transfer electronic documents from one computer system to another (ie) from one trading partner to another trading partner. It is more than mere E-mail; for instance, organizations might replace bills of lading and even checks with appropriate EDI messages. It also refers specifically to a family of standards, including the X12 series. However, EDI also exhibits its pre-Internet roots, and the standards tend to focus on ASCII(American Standard Code for Information Interchange)-formatted single messages rather than the whole sequence of conditions and exchanges that make up an inter-organization business process.
In 1992, a survey of Canadian businesses found at least 140 that had adopted some form of EDI, but that many (in the sample) "[had] not benefited from implementing EDI, and that they [had] in fact been disadvantaged by it." [1]
The National Institute of Standards and Technology in a 1996 publication [1] defines Electronic Data Interchange as "the computer-to-computer interchange of strictly formatted messages that represent documents other than monetary instruments. EDI implies a sequence of messages between two parties, either of whom may serve as originator or recipient. The formatted data representing the documents may be transmitted from originator to recipient via telecommunications or physically transported on electronic storage media.". It goes on further to say that "In EDI, the usual processing of received messages is by computer only. Human intervention in the processing of a received message is typically intended only for error conditions, for quality review, and for special situations. For example, the transmission of binary or textual data is not EDI as defined here unless the data are treated as one or more data elements of an EDI message and are not normally intended for human interpretation as part of online data processing." [2]
EDI can be formally defined as 'The transfer of structured data, by agreed message standards, from one computer system to another without human intervention'. Most other definitions used are variations on this theme. Even in this era of technologies such as XML web services, the Internet and the World Wide Web, EDI is still the data format used by the vast majority of electronic commerce transactions in the world.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Data_Interchange
Best Open Source Windows software
Free and open-source software is good for you and for the world. This is the best Windows software that we know of.
No adware, no spyware, just good software.
No adware, no spyware, just good software.
Web Browsing
Mozilla Firefox
The premier free, open-source browser. Tabs, pop-up blocking, themes, and extensions. Considered by many to be the world's best browser.Download Page
Video Player / Video Podcasting
Miro
Beautiful interface. Plays any video type (much more than windows media player). Subscribe to video RSS, download, and watch all in one. Torrent support. Search and download from YouTube and others.Download Page
IM - Instant Messaging
Pidgin
Connect to multiple IM accounts simultaneously in a single app, including: AOL IM, MSN, and Jabber.Download Page
Mozilla Thunderbird
Powerful spam filtering, solid interface, and all the features you need.Download Page
RSS
Peer-to-Peer Filesharing
Azureus
A powerful, but complicated BitTorrent client. So many features you'll lose your mind.Download Page
Video Playback
VLC
Plays more video files than most players: Quicktime, AVI, DIVX, OGG, and more. Pretty good interface.Download Page
Media Player Classic
Compact, but powerful media player. Plays anything under the sun. No install necessary.Download Page
DVD Ripping / Video Conversion
Media Coder
Great tool for ripping CDs, DVDs, etc and converting between tons of video formats.Download Page
Word Processing / Office Suites
OpenOffice.org
Big, full featured suite of tools for word processing and spreadsheets. Compatible with and a free replacement for Microsoft Word documents. Also supports OpenDocument Format.Download Page
AbiWord
A word processor. Leaner and quicker than OpenOffice. Compatible with Microsoft Word documents and OpenDocument Format.Download Page
Podcasting
DVD Ripping
Sound Recording
Graphics / Photo Editing
FTP / SFTP
IRC
Archiving
PeaZip
Fantastic archiving utility to extract and pack archives of an extensive amount of formats. PeaZip also features password protecting archives, keyfile support, system integration, a lovely interface, and much more.Download Page
What is Open Source Software?
A software product which is licensed to permit modifications and redistribution of its source code.(http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/open-source).
Open source software (OSS) is defined as computer software for which the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that meets the Open Source Definition or that is in the public domain. This permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms. It is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Open source software is the most prominent example of open source development and often compared to user-generated content.[1] The term open source software originated as part of a marketing campaign for free software.[2] A report by Standish Group states that adoption of open source software models has resulted in savings of about $60 billion per year to consumers.[3][4]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_software
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_software
What is Game Theory?
Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics that is used in the social sciences (most notably economics), biology, engineering, political science, international relations, computer science (mainly for artificial intelligence), and philosophy. Game theory attempts to mathematically capture behavior in strategic situations, in which an individual's success in making choices depends on the choices of others. While initially developed to analyze competitions in which one individual does better at another's expense (zero sum games), it has been expanded to treat a wide class of interactions, which are classified according to several criteria. Today, "game theory is a sort of umbrella or 'unified field' theory for the rational side of social science, where 'social' is interpreted broadly, to include human as well as non-human players (computers, animals, plants)" (Aumann 1987).
Traditional applications of game theory attempt to find equilibria in these games. In an equilibrium each player of the game has adopted a strategy that they are unlikely to change. Many equilibrium concepts have been developed (most famously the Nash equilibrium) in an attempt to capture this idea. These equilibrium concepts are motivated differently depending on the field of application, although they often overlap or coincide. This methodology is not without criticism, and debates continue over the appropriateness of particular equilibrium concepts, the appropriateness of equilibria altogether, and the usefulness of mathematical models more generally.
Although some developments occurred before it, the field of game theory came into being with the 1944 book Theory of Games and Economic Behavior by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern. This theory was developed extensively in the 1950s by many scholars. Game theory was later explicitly applied to biology in the 1970s, although similar developments go back at least as far as the 1930s. Game theory has been widely recognized as an important tool in many fields. Eight game theorists have won Nobel prizes in economics, and John Maynard Smith was awarded the Crafoord Prize for his application of game theory to biology.
Games and Information: An Introduction to Game Theory, 4th Edition
Editorial Reviews
Review
Praise for the 3rd edition "Rasmusen's Games and Information provides wonderful coverage of the basics of game theory and information economics. His consistent style of presenting the theoretical structures lucidly unifies his test's wide and well-chosen range of applications. I wish that all my students could take a course based on this book, and envy them the opportunity." Maxwell B. Stinchcombe, University of Texas at Austin "This is a terrific book bringing together two strands in the recent literature on economic theory, namely game theory and the economics of asymmetric information. The style is brisk, the arguments are rigorous and it seems to be pitched at exactly the right level." Partha Dasgupta, University of Cambridge
Praise for the 3rd edition
"Rasmusen’s Games and Information provides wonderful coverage of the basics of game theory and information economics. His consistent style of presenting the theoretical structures lucidly unifies his test’s wide and well-chosen range of applications. I wish that all my students could take a course based on this book, and envy them the opportunity."
Maxwell B. Stinchcombe, University of Texas at Austin
"This is a terrific book bringing together two strands in the recent literature on economic theory, namely game theory and the economics of asymmetric information. The style is brisk, the arguments are rigorous and it seems to be pitched at exactly the right level."
Partha Dasgupta, University of Cambridge
Product Description
Written in a crisp and approachable style, Games and Information uses simple modeling techniques and straightforward explanations to provide students with an understanding of game theory and information economics.
Written for introductory courses seeking a little rigor.
The 4th edition brings the material fully up-to-date and includes new end-of-chapter problems and classroom projects, as well as a math appendix.
Buy: Amazon.Com
Download : Rasmusen.Org
SyncBack Freeware V3.2.19.0
 | SyncBack Freeware V3.2.19.0 [1.77 MB] SCREENSHOT | DOWNLOAD | [ validate ] |
STDU Viewer ver 1.5.
STDU Viewer ver 1.5.
Are you tired from many viewers one for each document?
Do you want to have, one program for all your technical documentations, scientific books and so on?
Do you want to have program, which fast opens files, fast loads pages and fast renders page to screen?
And all of this in free software?
View all most popular documents formats by one program.
STDU Viewer is a document viewer for multiple file formats. The goal of this software is to replace the multiple document viewers with a single simple application. STDU Viewer supports TXT, TIFF, PDF and DjVu documents format. This is most popular formats for scientific and technical documentation.
Use content for quick jumping from one section to another.
STDU Viewer gives the possibility to show the content of documents for quick jumping from one section to another.
Create your own bookmarks for quick access to part of documents
You can create your own named bookmarks for easy access to part of document.
STDU Viewer free for non-commercial uses.
Yes. You can use this program without any fees.
free download: http://www.stdutility.com/download/stduviewer.exe
Protected Music Converter
Protected Music Converter is a software which allows you easily convert your protected (or unprotected) music files to most frequently used unprotected formats (WMA, MP3, OGG). Thus you can listen your music on your iPod, burn them to CD, upload them on your cell phone, use them on whatever device you want, even if it doesn't support protected content playback. Installation procedure is very fast and easy, it means no unsigned 3rd party drivers (causing Blue Screens Of Death here and there) installation, no weird sound system detection screens, just usual file copy procedure and that's it. Interface is straight and easy to use, without flashy colours or graphics. All you need to do is to add your protected files to batch list, select desirable output format and press start button. Supported input formats are: M4P, MP4, AAC, WMA, MP3, WAV, OGG, AU audio files, AIFF.
Main features of Protected Music Converter:
- Straight and easy to use interface
You can easily convert your music file with just few mouse clicks: add your music files to batch list, select appropriate output format and press start button. You can create custom profiles for output format settings or use build-in standard profiles, Drag'n'Drop, Copy/Paste from MS Explorer are also included.
- Fast and easy installation procedure
It means no additional drivers are installed , no extra sound system detection screens, just usual file copy procedure.
- Protected music files conversion
All protected music files playable by both Windows Media Player and QuickTime Player can be converted to unprotected MP3, WMA, OGG. This is not protection removal though, software just plays protected files and places resulting sound into unprotected music file.
- Wide range of supported input formats
All music files with filename extensions listed below are supported as valid input files for Protected Music Converter: ulw, au, sd2, amr, gsm, adts, caf, mpeg, mpg, m1s, m1v, m1a, m75, m15, mp2, mpm, mpv, mpa, snd, 3gp, 3gpp, m4a, m4v, swa, amc, 3g2, 3gp2, m4b, m4p, drv-ms, aif, aiff, aifc, asf, asx, wm, wmx, wmd, wmz, mp3, wax, wma, ogg, wav, aac
- Batch conversion support
If you have massive amount of files you want to convert this software is exactly what you need to speed up the process.
- Most recent audio codecs support
Protected Music Converter uses most recent audio codecs, it internally supports WMA and OGG formats, for MP3 encoding it uses LAME encoder 3.97
Driver Magician
Driver Magician offers a professional solution for device drivers backup, restoration and update in Windows operating system. It identifies all the hardware in the system, extracts their associated drivers from the hard disk and backs them up to a location of your choice. Then when you format and reinstall/upgrade your operating system, you can restore all the "saved" drivers just as if you had the original driver diskettes in your hands. After one system reboot, your PC will be loaded and running with the required hardware drivers.
Key features:
Back up device drivers of your computer in four modes.
Restore device drivers from backup in one mouse click.
Update device drivers of your PC to improve system performance and stability.
Uninstall device drivers
Live Update device identifier database and driver update database.
Detect unknown devices.
Back up more items such as My Documents and Registry.
Restore more items from backup.
Get detailed information of the hardware drivers.
Clone all drivers to an auto-setup package (.EXE), so you can restore drivers without installing Driver Magician.
http://www.drivermagician.com/
Monday, March 9, 2009
E-Commerce A Managerial Perspective 2006
E-Commerce A Managerial Perspective 2006
Turban • King • Viehland • Lee
TOC
Chapter 1: Overview of Electronic Commerce
Chapter 2: E-Marketplaces: Structures, Mechanisms, Economics, and Impacts
Chapter 3: Retailing in Electronic Commerce: Products and Services
Chapter 4: Consumer Behavior, Market Research, and Advertisement
Chapter 5: B2B-Commerce: Selling and Buying in Private E-Markets
Chapter 6: Public B2B Exchanges and Support Services
Chapter 7: E-Supply Chains, Collaborative Commerce, Intrabusiness EC, and Corporate Portals
Chapter 8: Innovative EC Systems: From E-Government and E-Learning to C2C
Chapter 9:
Chapter 10: E-Auctions
Chapter 11: E-Commerce Security
Chapter 12: Electronic Payment Systems
Chapter 13: Order Fulfillment, eCRM, and Other Support Services
Chapter 14: E-Commerce Strategy and Global EC
Chapter 15: Economics and Justification of Electronic Commerce
Chapter 16: Launching a Successful Online Business and EC Project
Chapter 17: Legal, Ethical, and Societal Impacts of EC
Chapter 18: Building E-Commerce Applications and Infrastructure
Download the materials from here:
Portable Everest Ultimate 2006
EVEREST Ultimate Edition is an industry leading system diagnostics and benchmarking solution for enthusiasts PC users, based on the award-winning EVEREST Technology.During system optimizations and tweaking it provides essential system and overclock information, advanced hardware monitoring and diagnostics capabilities to check the effects of the applied settings. FPU, CPU and memory benchmarks are available to measure the actual system performance for comparing it to previous states or other PCs.
Furthermore, complete software, operating system and security information makes EVEREST Ultimate Edition a comprehensive system diagnostics tool that offers a total of 100 pages of information about your PC.
Hardware Information
Motherboard & CPU
Accurate low-level information about motherboard, CPU and BIOS, including chipset details, DMI enumeration, AGP configuration information, SPD memory modules list, DRAM timing information and CPU instruction set support.
Video adapter & monitor
Detailed information about the video adapter, video drivers and monitor, including DDC information, monitor serial number and supported video modes detection, low-level GPU details, OpenGL and Direct3D features list.
Storage devices
Information about all hard disk and optical disk drives, including IDE autodetection, S.M.A.R.T. disk health monitoring, ASPI SCSI devices list and partitions information.
Network adapters, multimedia, input devices
Exhaustive information about network adapters, sound cards, keyboard, mouse and game controllers, including NIC MAC address detection, IP and DNS list, network traffic monitoring, DirectSound, DirectMusic and DirectInput information.
Misc hardware
Information about PCI, PnP, PCMCIA and USB devices, communication ports, power management information, device resources list, printers information.
Software Information
Operating system
Detailed Windows information, including operating system installation date and product key, system services and system drivers list, process information, environment variables list, system folders list, system files and Event Logs content, AX and DLL files list, UpTime information.
Server and display
Information about network shares, users and groups list, logged on users list, account security settings, opened files list, fonts list and Windows desktop configuration details.
Networking
Large amount of information about networking status, remote access and mailing accounts, network resources and Internet settings. List of network routes, internet Explorer cookies and history of visited web pages.
Installed software
Detailed information about installed programs, scheduled tasks and startup programs.
Security
Windows Security
Operating system security information including DEP (Data Execution Prevention) status, list of installed security patches and system restore status.
Security applications
Firewall, anti-spyware and anti-trojan software list. Anti-virus software information including virus database details.
Diagnostics
CPUID Panel
EVEREST CPUID panel to provide a compact overview on CPU, motherboard, RAM and chipset. Invaluable information on overclocked systems, dynamic refresh to support Enhanced Intel SpeedStep and AMD Cool'n'Quiet technologies.
Hardware monitoring
Sensor information including system, CPU and GPU temperature, fan status, CPU, GPU, AGP and DRAM voltage monitoring, S.M.A.R.T. disk health status. Support for Corsair Xpert memory modules.
Sensor icons
Sensor icons feature to display actual system temperature and voltage values on the System Tray.
CPU and FPU benchmarks
State of the art multi-threaded benchmark methods to measure performance of both old and brand new processors. References list to compare actual performance with other systems.
Memory benchmarking
Memory read and write speed, memory latency measurement to stress the memory and cache subsystem, including references list to compare actual performance with other systems.
Disk Benchmark module
Disk Benchmark module to measure performance of hard disk drives, optical disk drives (CD/DVD/Blu-Ray) and USB flash drives. Graphical overview of disk performance measured on different areas of the disk surface.
Tips & suggestions
Detection of possible hardware and software misconfiguration and compatibility issues.
Reporting
Report Wizard
Easy-to-use method to produce report files of the system, by either using pre-configured report profiles or custom selection of information.
Report formats
Three different report file formats: plain text, customizable HTML and the unique MHTML format. MHTML reports including icons are ideal for printing purposes.
Report e-mailing and printing
Built-in e-mail transfer client using SMTP, also support for MAPI and Outlook protocols. Instant report display and one-click printing capabilities using IE4+ technology.
Here are some key features of "EVEREST Ultimate Edition":
Lavalys EVEREST is designed to run on 32 and 64-bit Microsoft Windows operating systems, and it fully supports Microsoft Windows 95, 98, Me, NT 4.0 SP6, 2000, XP, 2003 and Vista. EVEREST has exceptionally low system resource requirements (minimum 486 processor with 32 MB RAM).
Generic features
· Low-level hardware information: 44 pages
· Software and operating system information: 44 pages
· Security related information: 6 pages
· DirectX information including Direct3D acceleration features
· Diagnostics module that simplifies troubleshooting
· Tweaking features
Benchmarking features
· 10 benchmark modules to measure CPU, FPU and memory performance
· Benchmark reference results to compare measured performance to other systems
· Cache & Memory Benchmark Suite
· Hard disk, optical drive and flash drive benchmarking with RAID array support
Unique features
· UpTime and DownTime statistics with critical errors counter
· Monitor Diagnostics to check the capabilities of CRT and LCD displays
· System Stability Test with thermal monitoring to stress CPU, FPU, memory and disks
· Hardware Monitoring to monitor system temperatures and voltages on the System Tray, OSD, Vista Sidebar or Logitech keyboard LCD [*NEW*]
· Temperature, voltage and fan RPM data logging to HTML and CSV log files
· Smart Battery information
· Web links: IT portals, software and driver download
· Manufacturer links: product information, driver and BIOS download
· Hardware information database for over 52000 devices
· Overclock information
· Fully localized user interface: 35+ languages
· No installation or setup procedure required
http://rapidshare.com/files/58787925/Everest_Ultimate_2006.exe
Online fav-icon creator
Online fav-icon creator
How to use it:
- Select one of basic colors by clicking on a color square on the right side of the window.
- Erase pixels by drawing with transparent color (checkboard) or erase the entire canvas by clicking the Clear Canvas toolbar button.
- Select a custom color by typing its hexadecimal web color code to the box under the default colors and click the 'Set' button
- Choose drawing tool by clicking a button in the toolbar:
- "Pencil" is changing colors of pixels when a mouse is moving over the canvas while the left button is pressed.
- "Lines" draws a line from the point where the mouse button was pressed to the point where it was released.
- "Dropper" allows to set current color from an icon's pixel.
- Create favicon from a jpg or png picture using the box under the editor window. (Alpha channel is not supported.)
- Download your new icon by simply clicking the 'Download Icon' button in the toolbar.
More resources
Find out how to modify your web pages to display favicons.
Download icons from the icon library.
Download RealWorld Icon Editor to create professional icons.
Important: This online icon maker requires a web browser with Javascript 1.2 support such as Internet Explorer 6, Firefox, or Opera. If you are experiencing problems, make sure that you are using one of the supported browsers and Javascript ("Active content") is enabled.
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